Manase Dosan Doctor

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Manase Doosan, Manase Dōsan 曲直瀬道三 Manase Dosan
(1507 - 1594)

He studied medicine with 田代三喜 Tashiro Sanki (1465 - 1537).
Together with 永田徳本 Nagata Tokuhon (1513 - 1630)
they were the sansei 三聖 three most famous doctors of their time.



He studied at the famous school

. 足利学校 Ashikaga Gakkō, The Ashikaga School .
Japan's oldest academic institution. It is located in Ashikaga city, Tochigi Prefecture ...
Founded ca. 832 in the Heian period by the poet Ono no Takamura 小野篁.

He studied Chinese Medicine but applied it individually to the needs of his patients, after taking the pulse and talking to the sick person.
. kanpoo 漢方 Chinese Medicine .

He never demanded money for his treatment and looked at the poor and the rich with equal diligence. He travelled a lot to various parts and patients in Japan.

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医の旅路はるか -曲直瀬道三とその師田代三喜篇
- - - 曲直瀬玄朔と聖医父曲直瀬道三篇
服部忠弘

A novel about "travelling in the footsteps of Doctor Manase"
He treated the Ashikaga Shogun, Lord Mori Motonari and even Oda Nobunaga. But always came back to treat the people of the cities where he passed.

足利将軍、毛利元就、信長も舌を巻いた室町・安土桃山期の天下一の名医、曲直瀬道三の足跡をたどる。

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曲直瀬 道三（まなせ どうさん)
(永正4年9月18日（1507年10月23日） - 文禄3年1月4日（1594年2月23日））は、戦国時代から安土桃山時代の日本の医師。道三は号。諱は正盛（しょうせい）。字は一渓。他に雖知苦斎（すいちくさい）、翠竹庵（すいちくあん）、啓迪庵（けいてきあん）など。本姓は元は源氏、のち橘氏。今大路家の祖。日本医学中興の祖として田代三喜・永田徳本などと並んで「医聖」と称される。養子[1]に曲直瀬玄朔。
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神麴の処方応用 shingiku treatment
日本で本格的な神麴の製剤と処方は戦国期で、他の本草とともに漢籍を参考にして道三独自の治験結果をよりどころとし、新たに実証的に精選されたもので、在来のそれとの関わりは認められない｡しかも道三流医術の普及により広く実地医療に役立つ神麴の処方応用例は当代医療を代表とする特色のある新技術ととして評価される.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




神麴 shingiku treatment
Garland Chrysanthemum
In Traditional Chinese Medicine the herb corrects imbalances in liver and kidney function that cause issues with the eyes, and dizziness.
Garland chrysanthemum – which is known as Shingiku in Japan, Choy Suey Green in old Chinatown, Tong Hao in China, and Crown Daisy in England – is a healthy, edible plant native to East Asia.
- source : healwithfood.org -


- - - His main publications - - -
Benshō haizai itō (弁証配剤医灯)
Hyakufuku zusetsu (百腹図説)
Keiteki-shū (啓迪集)
Shinkyū shūyō (鍼灸集要)
Shinmyaku kuden-shū (診脈口伝集)
Shōshin-shū (正心集)
Yakushō nōdoku (薬性能毒)
Manase Dōsan zenshū (曲直瀬道三全集) Complete Works of Dosan

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Manase Dosan (the Elder) and leprosy
The aim of this paper is to describe the main features of Manase Dosan's (1507-1594) study and treatment of leprosy. Contrary to general medical opinion in the Middle Ages that leprosy was the result of divine retribution.
Dosan viewed leprosy as simply another disease and treated it accordingly from a medical perspective. Furthermore, the commonly held belief from the latter half of the 17th century onwards amongst Early Modern era doctors and also the general populace that leprosy was a hereditary disease, was not considered by Dosan.
The foregoing two points can be explained by his rational approach to medicine, plus the fact that leprosy at the time was widely prevalent amongst all areas of society, not just restricted to particular households. It is thus fair to say that Dosan's medical philosophy reflected the state of Japanese society during the transition from medieval to the Early Modern period. It should be noted, however, that Dosan's view that leprosy was caused by meat-eating and overindulgence in sex gave rise to a new, negative image of the disease, and in so doing tied in with the Early Modern era prejudices against "lust", "intemperance" and "laziness."
Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. 1995
- source : National Center for Biotechnology Information -


Medical thought of Dosan Manase's early years. (1)
The meaning of the work "Toryu".
Dosan Manase was a famous Japanese doctor in the Muromachi era and was in the vanguard of the Goseiha school of Sino-Japanese traditional medicine. In his "Shinmyakukudenshu" we found an interesting account to explain the meaning of the word "Toryu", which was often found in the medical books written in Dosan's early years.
This word signifies "our school" in a general sense, but in this book Dosan used it with the additional meaning of his medical thought originating in Zhu dan xi who was a famous Chinese doctor in the Yuan age. In addition, he mentioned in the same book that Toryu was introduced from China into Japan by Dodo, succeeded by Sanki and propagated by himself.
Moreover our extensive investigation of other medical literature showed that Dosan, in his early years, tried to develop a system of medical thought on the basis of that of Zhu dan xi. This is worthy of note because it differs considerably from the stance adopted in Dosan's later years : while he valued Zhu dan xi, he referred to many medical books by various authors, and tried not to favour any particular school.
Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. 1999
- source : National Center for Biotechnology Information -


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ein japanischer Arzt, der im Zeitalter der streitenden Reiche (戦国時代, Sengoku-jidai) auf die Entwicklung der Medizin in Japan einen entscheidenden Einfluss ausübte und neben Nagata Tokuhon und Tashiro Sanki zu den „Drei verehrungswürdigen Ärzten“ (三聖, sansei) im Umbruch zur Frühmoderne zählt. Auf ihn geht die „Schulrichtung des späteren Zeitalters“ (後世派, Gosei-ha auch 後世方派, Goseihō-ha) zurück.
- - - Leben
Manase hatte schon in der Kindheit seine Eltern verloren. 1516 trat er in den Shōkoku-Tempel (Shōkoku-ji), einen Zen-Tempel in Kyōto ein, wo er als Bettelmönch lebte. In dieser Zeit änderte er seinen Namen Tachibana (橘) zu Manase.
1528 ging er an die „Ashikaga-Schule“, eine der ältesten akademischen Einrichtungen des Landes, in der man Konfuzianismus, chinesische Medizin, Kriegswissenschaften, I Ging usw. lehrte. Hier gewann Manase Interesse an der Heilkunde. Nach einer Begegnung mit dem berühmten Arzt Tashiro Sanki wurde er dessen Schüler und befasste sich vor allem mit den Lehren der chinesischen Mediziner Li Gao (李杲), alias Li Dōngyuán (李東垣, 1180–1251) und Zhū Dānxī (朱丹溪, 1281–1358).

1546 kehrte Manase nach Kyōto zurück und praktizierte als Arzt. Nach einer erfolgreichen Behandlung des Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiteru gewann er weitere hochrangige Patienten wie die Kriegsherren Hosokawa Harumoto (細川晴元), Miyoshi Nagayoshi (三好長慶) und Matsunaga Hisahide (松永久秀) und großes Ansehen. Schließlich gründete er die „Aufklärungsakademie“ (啓迪院, Keiteki-in). Die Behandlung von Mōri Motonari während eines Feldzuges führte zu der Schrift „Abendgespräche im Schnee-Feldlager“ (雲陣夜話, Setsujin yawa). 1574 verfasste er sein bekanntestes Werk, die „Keiteki-Sammlung“ (啓迪集, Keiteki-shū). Der Tennō Ōgimachi, dem er die Schrift nach einer Behandlung überreichte, beauftragte den Zen-Mönch Sakugen Shūryō mit einem Vorwort und gewährte Manase den Ehrennamen „Grünbambus Halle“ (翠竹院, Suichiku-in). Unter den namhaften Patienten finden wir auch Oda Nobunaga, einen der mächtigsten Feldherren jener Zeit.

Manase zog hunderte von Schülern an, die seine Lehren und Schriften weit verbreiteten. Ob er, wie es in Briefen der Jesuiten heißt, im Jahre 1584 anlässlich einer Behandlung des italienischen Missionars Gnecchi-Soldo Organtino zum Christentum übertrat und sich taufen ließ, ist umstritten. Fest steht allerdings, dass eine große Zahl seiner Schüler christliche Taufnamen führte.

Manase starb 1594 im Alter von 88 Jahren, posthum ein weiteres Mal geehrt durch die Ernennung zum Hofarzt im zweiten Rang. Der von ihm adoptierte Neffe Gensaku (曲直瀬玄朔, Manase Gensaku, 1549–1632) und dessen Nachfahren setzten über Generationen Dōsans ärztliche Tradition fort.

Manase begann eine vorsichtige Loslösung von der vor allem durch die Klöster betriebenen chinesischen Medizin und strebte zugleich eine Systematisierung an. Seine oft ausführlichen Krankengeschichten belegen die starke Betonung der Rolle von Beobachtung und Erfahrung. In diesem Punkt bereitete er eine stärkere Eigenständigkeit der japanischen Medizin vor.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Ushiwakamaru Yoshitsune

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .
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牛若丸　Ushiwakamaru 源の義経　Minamoto no Yoshitsune
(1159 - 1189)
Shanaoo, Shanaō 遮那王　Shanao (his boyhood name at Kurama)
Hoogan 判官 Hogan (his court title)


Ushiwakamaru and Benkei at the Gojo Bridge in Kyoto 京の五条の橋

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a general of the Minamoto clan of Japan in the late Heian and early Kamakura period. "It is evident that Yoshitsune had a genius for offensive warfare...and although Yoshitsune had no knowledge of naval warfare he had the advantage of an acute strategic insight and a quick eye for tactical chances.
..... He was put under the care of Kurama Temple (鞍馬寺), nestled in the Hiei Mountains near the capital of Kyoto,
..... The fight between Ushiwakamaru and the bandit chief 熊坂長範 Kumasaka Chohan in 1174. Yoshitsune was only 15 when he defeated the notorious bandit leader.
..... In 1180, Yoshitsune heard that Yoritomo, now head of the Minamoto clan, had raised an army at the request of Prince Mochihito to fight against the Taira clan (also known as the Heike) which had usurped the power of the emperor. Yoshitsune shortly thereafter joined Yoritomo, along with Minamoto no Noriyori, all brothers who had never before met, in the last of three conflicts between the rival Minamoto and Taira samurai clans, known as the Genpei War.
Yoshitsune defeated and killed his rival cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka at the Battle of Awazu in Ōmi Province in March 1184 and then defeated the Taira at the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe. In 1185, Yoshitsune defeated the Taira again at the Battle of Yashima in Shikoku and destroyed them at the Battle of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Yoshitsune was subsequently named Governor of Iyo.



..... However
the death of Yoshitsune has been very illusive. According to Ainu historical accounts of Yoshitsune's death it is said he did not commit seppuku and instead escaped to Hokkaido and acquired the name of Okikurumi/Oinakamui. Moreover, in Hokkaido the Yoshitsune Shrine is erected in the town of Biratori also known in Ainu as Pira Utur (ピラウトゥル).
Another
famous Japanese theory of Yoshitsune's whereabouts after evading death comes from the idea that Yoshitsune made his way past Hokkaido by sailing to the mainland continent of Asia and became Genghis Khan.
..... Yoshitsune has long been a popular figure in Japanese literature and culture due to his appearance as the main character in the third section of the Japanese literary classic Heike Monogatari (Tale of the Heike). The Japanese term for "sympathy for a tragic hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓 lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Hōgan, which he received from the Imperial Court.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- - - - - Persons related to Yoshitsune

. Yoshitsune and his loyal retainer, Musashibo Benkei 弁慶 .

. Ushiwakamaru and Joruri Gozen 浄瑠璃御前 .
Yoruri Hime 浄瑠璃姫 Princess Joruri in Aichi

. Kaneuri Kichiji 金売吉次 / 吉次信高 / 橘次末春 / 金売り吉次 .
Gold merchant of Kyoto, he brought Ushiwakamaru to Hiraizumi.

. Kumasaka Choohan 熊坂長範 Kumasaka Chohan .

. Ushiwakamaru and Minatsuru-hime 皆鶴姫 .
at the temple 観音寺 Kannon-Ji in Kesennuma, Miyagi - and Kiichi Hôgen, Kiichi Hoogen 鬼一法眼 Kiichi Hogen

. With Shizuka Gozen 静御前 at Mount Yoshino 吉野山 .
Futari Shizuka 二人静
Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura 義経千本桜 Yoshitsune and the Thousand Cherry Trees, Kabuki play

Tokiwa Gozen 常磐御前 Lady Tokiwa - His Mother (1123 - ?1180)

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- - - - - Places related to Yoshitsune

. Aikyoo-In 愛敬院 Aikyo-In - Miyagi .
Minamoto Yoshitsune is said to have passed here on his travels up North to Hiraizumi.

Gikeiji 義経寺 Gikei-Ji at Minmaya 三厩村 - Dragon Horse Temple　龍馬山 Iwate
GIKEI is another reading for Yoshitsune

. Hiraizumi 平泉 in Michinoku / Tohoku .
Fujiwara no Hidehira 藤原秀衡 (1122? - 1187)
He offered shelter to the young Minamoto no Yoshitsune, who was escaping Kyoto.

. Kurama yama 鞍馬山　Mount Kurama in Kyoto .

. Noma Daibo 野間大坊 Omido temple .
the place where Minamoto no Yoshitomo, the father of Yoritomo and Yoshitsune, was killed

. Soojoogatani 僧正谷 /僧正ガ谷 Sojogatani, Sojogadani . - Kurama, Kyoto



Ushiwakamaru 牛若丸

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- - - - - Food related to Yoshitsune

. Dorayaki (どら焼き, どらやき, 銅鑼焼き, ドラ焼き) .

. Ushiwaka mochi 牛若餅 Ushiwaka rice cakes 　
Named after Minamoto no Yoshitsune in his boyhood (Ushiwaka, the one as strong as a bull), when he was trained at the Kurama Mountain Temple by the Forest Goblins (tengu).

. Yoshitsune raamen 義経ラーメン Yoshitsune ramen soup .


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- - - - - Folk art related to Yoshitsune


CLICK for more samples of dolls !

. Kokeshi, こけし / 小芥子 / 子消し wooden doll .

. Nagoya karakuri ningyoo　名古屋　からくり人形 from Aichi .
Ushiwaka and Benkei 牛若　弁慶


. Surugadako, Suruga tako 駿河凧 kite from Suruga .
. . . . . with Ushiwakamaru 牛若丸

tako 義経 弁慶　凧 kites with Yoshitsune and Benkei
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

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Kawadai-keikoku　川台渓谷 Kawadai Gorge
Kawadai Gorge is a 2 km gorge located in the down stream of Kurikoma Dam to the south of Mt. Karekidachiyama in Kurihara City in the northern end of Miyagi Prefecture. The scenery in the seasons of tender green and autumn leaves is especially beautiful.
The gorge has several legends concerning Minamoto no Yoshitsune.
The statue of Gofukin Fudoson placed by Yoshitsune remains on a rock and a small hall looking like an oratory stands by the stream. Near the hall is a waterfall named “Tsukuri-daki.” Legend has it that Benkei, the retainer of Yoshitsune, rolled rocks with a light hand and created the waterfall, saying, “There must be a waterfall by the Fudo Hall.”
With several places of interest such as Saruwatari (Monkey’s Path), the gorge is suitable for pleasant hiking. From late October through early November, branches with colorful leaves protrude over the stream to form a blazing tunnel, which looks breathtakingly beautiful.
- source : nipponkichi -

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Yoshitsune and Benkei viewing Cherry Blossoms
Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839-1892)

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- - - - - Yoshitsune and his horses 義経の馬 - - - - -

kataha no ashi 片葉の葦 one-sided reed
In 福島県 Fukushima, 鹿島町 Kashima, in the hamlet 栃窪 Tochikubo there lived a farmer named 久七 Kyushichi who had many fine horses. His most vital and strong one was 太夫黒 Tayu-guro. It often roamed the mountain of 立石山 Tateishiyama and came to the pond Mano no Ike 真野の池 to feed on the reeds.
Often it did not come home for the night. It even had a web for swimming like a duck at his legs (mizukaki 水掻き).
The horse grew up to a superb animal and Kushichi presented it to the Lord, 藤原秀衡 Fujiwara no Hidehira. Hidehira gave it to Yoshitsune when the young man left for the war.
Since Tayu-guro used to eat only the leaves of one side of the reeds, they were soon called "one-sided reeds".



Tayuuuguro 太夫黒 Tayuguro, Tayu-guro .
He rode at the Hiyodorigoe 鵯越 crossing the Hiyodori Pass　鵯峠　 (near Kobe, Rokkosan).


Utagawa Hiroshige　歌川広重

Yoshitsune Climbing Up the Rough Part of Hiyodori Pass
Yoshitsune's daring descent from Hiyodori Pass in his surprise attack against the Heike.
..... fierce fighting starts at Ikuta-no-mori and Ichi-no-tani, but neither side is able to gain a decisive advantage. Yoshitsune’s cavalry descends a steep slope at Hiyodori Pass decisively attacking the Taira from the rear.
The Taira panic and flee to the boats.....
- reference -

There is another legend about the end of Taiyu-Guro from Kagawa, 志度町 Shido town.
When lord 佐藤継信 Sato Tsugunobu (1150 - 1185), one of the 義経四天王 four brave retainers of Yoshitsune, gave his life to save his Master, Yoshitsune came to his grave to mourn for him. He asked 覚阿上人 Saint Kakua from the temple Shido-dera to perform the rites for Ysugunobu. To show his gratitude, he also gave Kakua his beloved horse, which was a gift to Yoshitsune from the Emperor. The priest Kakua 覚阿上人 cared for the horse at the temple 志度寺 Shidodera, but after the events at Hiyodori Pass, it was given to 極楽寺 at nearby 鴨部馬次 Kabe, Umatsugi.
The horse lived there for a while and then suddenly and then run away one day.
The priest was in great worry about loosing this famous imperial horse and all villagers began to search for it. Finally they found it dead in front of the grave of Tsugunobu
So the priests held another great ritual for the horse and built a grave mound for Yoshitsune's Taiyu-guro, very close to 牟礼の王墓 Mure no Ohaka, the grave mound of the son of 景行天皇 Emperor Keiko Tenno, the Lord of Sanuki no Kuni, 神櫛王 Kangushi.
Kangushi no Ohaka 神櫛(かんぐし)王墓 Grave of King Kangushi

Satō Tsugunobu
Japanese warrior and the brother of Satō Tadanobu.
Tsugunobu died in the Battle of Yashima, while protecting Minamoto Yoshitsune from an arrow shot of Taira no Noritsune by riding between Yoshitsune and Noritsune. Tsugunobu was buried in Mure, Kagawa by Taira no Noritsune himself.
Tsugunobu and his brother Tadanobu "were 'given' to Yoshitsune by Fujiwara no Hidehira when Yoshitsune left Oshu to join Yoritomo.
Tsugunobu is mentioned in Hagakure in the passage about martial valor.
- source : wikipedia -


. Shidodera 志度寺 Shido-Dera (Shido-Ji) .
Shikoku Henro Temple Nr. 86


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Nara 吉野郡 Yoshino district

In the mountains of 大台山 / 大台ヶ原山 Odaigahara Yama there is a horse of Yoshitsune.
But in reality it is a huge kamoshika 羚羊 (大かもしか) Japanese serow
Rupicapra rupicapra. Gemse, Gams.

Ipponashi, the horse of Yoshitsune - BUT 一本足は義経の馬であった - が

- 一本足は義経の馬であったが、人を食うようになったので家臣に鉄砲で射られた。そして熊野の湯へ養生に行った。使われた鉄砲は正月の何日かに格闘を思い出して汗をかくという。
- 一本足は、寝ない子を脅すときに母親が用いたりする。一本足は義経の馬との混合型であるとも言われる。

Ippondatara, Ippon-datara 一本ダタラ - Ippon tatara / Obamine no Ipponashi 伯母峯の一本足
at the pass 伯母峠 Obamine in Wakayama, 北山村



. 猪笹王 Wild Boar King Inosasa-O became an Oni .
every year on the 20th day of the 12th lunar month, the day when all Oni become free, it could come back to this world.
This day is called
. hate no hatsuka 果ての二十日 the final day 20 of the year .



Now Ippon-Datara is a Yokai monster.
Ippon-Datara is a Persona of the Hermit arcana. It specializes in Darkness element attacks.

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According to some stories, an Ippon Datara is a very skillful blacksmith, giving them two possible origins:
-- Ghost of a blacksmith banished from his village (losing an eye or a limb wasn't uncommon hazard).
-- Manifestation of Ameno-me-Hitotsu, kami of the forge, metalcraft, and blacksmithing.

User with this ability either is or can transform into a Ippon Datara, one-legged mountain spirit with appearance of either human-like or a huge pillar. Regardless they have a single eye on like a Cyclops, a massive body and only one leg. Normally they don't show themselves to humans and let only their presence be felt, but at certain times they may become aggressive.
- source : powerlisting.wikia.com -


. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - Introduction - .

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Nara 吉野郡 Yoshino district 龍門村 Ryumon mura

akuryyoo 悪霊 evil spirit
Yoshitsune camped at the pondside 義経淵 Yoshitsunefuchi in the open and was ?killed by the enemy. To our day this place is haunted by evil spirits.
On the rock there are the remains where Yoshitsune slept and where his horse slept.
義経淵は、義経がここで野宿して敵に殺された.

奈良吉野の蹴抜の塔（隠れ塔）
- source : yositune1189 源義経大辞典 -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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Fukushima 白河市 Shirakawa

sakura no tsue 桜の杖 walking stick from cherry wood
In the 10th month of the year 1180 the local regent 信夫庄司　Shinobu Shoji Satō 佐藤元治 Sato Motoharu had his two children,
嗣信 Tsugunobu and 忠信 Tadanobu become retainers of Yoshitsune.
As a proof of their loyalty he planted a stick of cherry wood in the ground and spoke:
"If my two sons will be loyal to Yoshitsune, this stick will grow into a tree.
Otherwise this stick will wither away!"
「わが子が君に忠であれば生きよ、さもなくば枯れよ」
The stick grew into a beautiful cherry tree and was called 庄司戻し桜 Shoji modoshi sakura.

Tsugunobu (1158 – 1185) was killed at Yashima, in Kagawa prefecture, protecting Yoshitsune from an arrow by the enemy Taira no Noritsune.
Tadanobu (1153 - 1186) was killed in Kyoto. Both were killed in defense of Yoshitsune.



The tree withered later but was replanted.

Matsuo Basho, Oku no Hosomichi 奥の細道
- - - Station 14 - Sato Shoji, Satoshoji 佐藤庄司 旧跡 - - -

"Crossing the ferry of Moon Halo, I came to the post town of Rapid's Head.
The ruined house of the brave warrior Sato was about a mile and a half from this post town towards the foot of the mountains on the left. I pushed my way towards the village of Iizuka, and found a hill called Maruyama in the open field of Sabano. This was the site of the warrior's house. I could not refrain from weeping, when I saw the remains of the front gate at the foot of the hill. There was a lonely temple in the vicinity, and tombs of the Sato family were still standing in the graveyard. I wept bitterly in front of the tombstones of the two young wives, remembering how they had dressed up their frail bodies in armor after the death of their husbands. In fact I felt as if I were in the presence of the Weeping Tombstone of China.
I went into the temple to have a drink of tea. Among the treasures of the temple were the sword of Yoshitsune and
the satchel which his faithful retainer, Benkei, had carried on his back."

Ioji-temple 医王寺 and the Sato family
Tomb of the Sato brothers
. - - - Station 14 - Remains of Sato Shoji, Satoshoji 佐藤庄司 旧跡 - - - .

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兵庫県 Hyogo

Shizuka ga haka 静が墓 grave of Shizuka, his wife
由来の分からない古墳があった。そこの木を牛飼いの男が切ったところ、正気でなくなったので、人々が尋ねたところ、自分は義経の妾、静と名乗り、男が勝手に木を切ったので怒っていると言った。人々が信じられずに舞ってほしいと扇を渡すと、すばらしい舞をし、和歌を詠んだ。


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岩手県 Iwate, 平泉町 Hiraizumi

. 鬼三太仙人 / オニサンタセンニン Oni Santa Sennin .
Kisanta 喜三太 / 鬼三太 - Kisanta died at the battle of Kinugawa.


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京都府 Kyoto

Tengu 天狗 - 兵法場
Ushiwakamaru studied sword fighting with the Tengu. The place were they practised is called 兵法場.
heihoo 兵法 Heiho, military principles and additionaly swordsmanship and Tengu magic.
If people pick up a stone from this area, whey will always win in a fight.

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Miyagi, Sendai - - some legends are also told in Iwate.

岩戸三光宮 Iwado Sankogu and 青麻神社 Aoso Jinja

. Aoso Jinja　青麻神社 "Green Hemp Shrine" .

- - - - - and more about his faithful retainer
. Hitachibo Kaison Sennin 常陸坊海尊仙人 .
- - - - - Seietsu Sennin 清悦仙人 - - - - -

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Nagano, 鼎町 Kanaemachi

kiriishi, kiri-ishi 切石
Benkei and Ushiwakamaru came here.
- 弁慶と牛若丸がやってきた。道をさえぎる石を切ろうとして、弁慶は太刀を使ったが、石に傷をつけただけであった。次に金剛力がやってみると、石は見事に一刀両断にされた。
- 義経が弁慶らを伴って京都から鎌倉に向かっている時、ある石に弁慶が薙刀で切りかかったが、それは切れなかった。代わって義経が切りつけると、見事に真二つに切れてしまった。
- 源義経が頼朝に追われている時、通った道に大きな石があったので先に勧めなかった。弁慶が薙刀で切りつけたが、割れなかった。次に義経がやってみると石は真っ２つになった。

komaishi, koma ishi 駒石
弁慶が道を塞いでいる大石を切りつけようとすると、義経が駒に乗って見物していた石が駒石である。今でも蹄の跡が残る。石の平らな面に、浅い円形の凹があるものが駒石である。


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Nara 奈良県
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大柳生町 Oyagyucho

Tokiwa Gozen 常盤御前
She gave birth to Yoshitsune at the temple 不自由寺.
Tokiwabuchi 常盤淵
- 産ケ淵は、たらい淵、常盤淵ともいい、常盤御前がこの岩のくぼみで牛若丸に産湯をつかわせたという。
- 藤の森は、常盤御前が牛若丸を生んだところという。

牛若丸から習った棒術　添上郡柳生村柳生
柳生藩の棒術長谷川流の祖、長谷川金右衛門が、甞て奈良からの帰り、大柳生村を通ると、子供の泣声が、夜更けの山中に聞こえた。それは、常磐御前が、牛若丸を産み落として、旅の苦労をして居るのだった。金右衛門は不憫に思って、親子を柳生の宅に連れ帰り、牛若丸を養育してやった。此の縁故によって、後に牛若丸が鞍馬山に居た時、金右衛門は彼山で再会し、棒術を伝えられた。それが此の流儀だと云う。
今も大柳生には、常磐の森があり、産湯の淵があり、当時不自由であったというので、不自由寺と称する寺もある。（橋本春陵）
source : kamado.net/den_yamato/soekami_den

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. 白狐源九郎 The White Fox Genkuro .
at 源九郎稲荷社 Genkuro Inari Jinja,
The shrine is named after Genkuro Minamoto Yoshitsune

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- source : nichibun yokai database -
15 義経
牛若丸 - ウシワカマル

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夏草や兵どもが夢の跡
natsukusa ya tsuwamono-domo ga yume no ato

Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉　in Hiraizumi

This famous haiku gave rise to many discussions.


Yoshitsune ki 義経忌 Yoshitsune Memorial Day
(1159 – June 15, 1189) - - - kigo for mid-summer

. natsukusa ya tsuwamono-domo ga yume no ato .

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- Reference - 源の義経 -
- Reference - English -

- - - #yoshitsune #ushiwakamaru #minamotonoyoshitsune - - -
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Matsudaira Uneme

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Matsudaira Uneme no Sho 松平采女正　Sadamoto　定基
(1687 - 1759)

He was the fourth lord of the Imabari domain. He became lord when his father died in 1702, and took the name of Uneme no Sho 采女正.
He retired in 1732.

When his estate in Edo burned down, he did not build it again and removed to Koji-Machi.
His estate became a plain and in 1717 a riding ground (baba 馬場).


- Helmet of Sadamoto



Art of the Samurai: Japanese Arms and Armor, 1156-1868
By Morihiro Ogawa, Kazutoshi Harada,
- source : books.google.co.jp -


- quote
To wear mu like a banner, extravagantly, as though marching with complete abandon into the abyss of death, must have made the helmet's owner, the fervently Buddhist daimyo Matsudaira Sadamoto, a striking figure on his annual march to Edo. It is also a reminder of how Japanese Buddhism merged seamlessly with the 1,200-year panorama of warfare and cultural politics that preceded the Meiji Restoration of 1868.
- - - - - The Art of Twentieth-Century Zen Exhibition
- source : tricycle.com/reviews


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. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

Unemegahara　采女ヶ原 Uneme plain


Hasegawa Settan

- quote -
Unemegahara was located in what is today Ginza 5 chōme, Chuō Ward.
The name of Unemegahara stemmed from the fact that until 1724 the residence of
松平采女正定基 Matsudaira Uneme-no-sho-Sadamoto, the Imabari feudal lord was located there.
The residence was relocated to 麹町 Kōji-machi after a great fire.
A riding ground was then constructed on the vacated site, and the surrounding area
developed as an entertainment district.
It is said that it was a flourishing area with a row of booths, reed screen shacks,
professional storytellers, 浄瑠璃 joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment),
teahouses, and archery ranges.
- source : library.metro.tokyo.jp -


- quote -
Much of the newly created land on the riversides and along the bay was allocated to daimyo lords for their villas and storehouses. Here, in a two-part 1830s woodcut print by Hasegawa Settan of Unemegahara, in what is now Ginza 5-chome in Chuo Ward, we can see an interesting contrast between bustling commoners’ activities and the hushed silence of one of those large daimyo residences.

The horse track in the print
was originally the site of a daimyo mansion that was razed in a fire in 1726. Soon after, a savvy townsman by the name of Chubee was given permission to open a rent-a-horse center on the vacant lot for the equestrian training of low-class samurai who could not afford their own mounts. Combined with refreshment and entertainment services, Chubee’s business thrived, attracting crowds of people from all walks of life.
- snip -
Mannen-bashi — the wooden bridge in the illustration, now of concrete — spans not the canal, but traffic roaring along the Shuto Expressway below. Turning right just before Man’nen-bashi, cross another bridge, the arched Uneme-bashi (named after Unemegahara) dating from 1930 that has recently been nicely refurbished with decorative metal railings and a pocket park planted with cherry and fruit trees.
- source : japantimes.co.jp 2003 -



source : shisly.cocolog-nifty.com

In 1728 Shogun Yoshimune 吉宗 had an elephant from Vietnam brought to Edo and kept it in the ground of Unemegahara. This caused an "elephant boom" in Edo and attracted many visitors. The elephant lived for 13 years, later moved to the estate of 浜御殿 Hama Goten.
April 28 was named the "day of the Elephant".
４月28日を「象の日」

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Unemebashi 采女橋 Uneme bridge
このあたりは、江戸前期に松平采女正の屋敷があり、享保９年（１７２４年）の大火で焼けたあと火除地になって、俗に采女が原と呼ばれました。橋名の由来はここからきたものと思われます。
采女が原は、明治２年に采女町と称する市街地となり、銀座煉瓦街と築地の外国人居留地との間に位置して和洋混合の新興市街地が形成されていったようです。
震災復興時に架け替えられた現在の橋は、当時意匠的に優れていたといわれるアーチが採用されました。また橋の下は昭和３７年に築地川から現在の高速道路に姿を変えました。
区では平成２年度に、幻のホテル”築地ホテル館”（明治元年、近代的な洋式ホテル第一号として誕生し、栄華を誇ったが明治５年焼失）と”銀座の柳”を題材にした意匠で高欄等を整備しました。
平成３年３月
東京都中央区
source : viva-edo.com/kinenh

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Unemegahara no baba 采女ヶ原馬場 Riding Ground

It is well known for the revenge killing of 中山安兵衛 Nakayama Yasubei.
Around 1730, Shogun Yoshimune held a large 流鏑馬 Yabusame event here.
Yabusame is horse riding and shooting four arrows at a target.


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Mongaku

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Mongaku 文覚 Priest Mongaku

遠藤盛遠　Endo Morito, c. 1120 – 1200


source :　ameblo.jp/hanacat0322
Mongaku by Utagawa Kuniyoshi 歌川国芳　

- quote
Fudarakuji　
7-31, Zaimokuza 6-chome, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-0013

Founding priest Mongaku was originally a samurai, Morito Endo by name, in Kyoto serving the Imperial Guards in the late 12th century. He fell in love with a married woman named Kesa. She was so beautiful and charming that he wanted to marry her by all means and proposed to her. His proposal was too persistent for her to decline. Kesa finally replied to him that she would marry him if he could kill her husband, and suggested to him that he visit Kesa's house at one designated night when the couple are asleep. Following her suggestion, Morito broke into her house the night. The person he killed, however, was not the husband but Kesa herself. Kesa had given him wrong advise by design and was in bed in disguise of her husband. She had preferred death to bigamy. Morito immediately took the tonsure for atonement and entered Jingoji in Kyoto, changing the name to Mongaku.

. . . Back at the time, Jingoji's fortune was on the wane with no patron. Priest Mongaku tried to meet with Retired Emperor Goshirakawa (1127-1192) to ask for financial aids. Goshirakawa gave him a flat refusal and did not even meet him. Outraged, Priest Mongaku snarled at the imperial court people with violence. As a result, he was exiled to the Izu Peninsula, where he got acquainted by chance with young Yoritomo Minamoto, the founder of the Temple and Kamakura Shogunate,

Priest Mongaku is said to have been the first aide for Yoritomo and helped re-organize the Minamoto ally. He urged Yoritomo to raise an army against the Taira Clan, Minamoto's arch-rival enemy, showing his father's skull. (His father was brutally killed by the Tairas). The Priest's persuasion encouraged Yoritomo to rise up against the Tairas and eventually led him to unify Japan. To reward him for his contribution, Yoritomo accepted his request to found the Temple. Naturally, the Temple served as a prayer hall for Yoritomo himself. Priest Mongaku's saga often appears in the ancient stories and was dramatized into Kabuki and Noh play.


source :　MFA Boston

Fudo Myo-o, the Immovable, or Acala-vidyaraja in Skt.
This statue was reportedly made to force the Tairas surrender through invocation. The ritual was performed in front of this statue to conjure away the enemy. As the saying "Curses, like chickens, come home to roost" goes, so did Priest Mongaku's curse. He had to die an unnatural death several years later.
A Fudo Myo-o statue at NNM.

. . . Mongaku's tomb and slug festival
Priest Mongaku is reported to have been exiled to Sado island off the coast of Niigata Prefecture after Yoritomo's death. His whereabout afterward is unknown. One of his tombs is located in Gifu Prefecture, where legend asserts he died on his way from Sado back to Daiitokuji in Gifu, the temple he erected. Near the temple is his tomb, or a stone monument for him. A strange festival takes place here on July 9 (of lunar calendar) every year the day Kesa was slain by Morito. It is believed among villagers that on this day, score of slugs, all having a black line on their back, mysteriously gather here and crawl up the tomb stone. Locals believe that the slugs are transformation of Kesa and the black lines of the slugs are the scar made by Morito's sword. Kesa must have appeared before Morito in adoration of his success (some say in curse of his cruel behavior). At least two authors novelized the story relating to Kesa and Morito: Ryunosuke Akutagawa (1892-1927) and Kan Kikuchi (1888-1948).
- source : www.asahi-net.or.jp


. Fudō Myōō 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
- Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja .

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- quote
Ichiyusai KUNIYOSHI (1797 – 1861)
A fine and very rare vertical triptych of Mongaku ( Endo Morito, c. 1120 – 1200 ) subjecting himself to three years penance as a Buddhist monk beneath the waterfall of Mount Nachi in Kii Province. Morito inflicted this punishment on himself because he had inadvertently cut off the head of Kesa Gozen, the wife of the palace guard Watanabe Wataru, with whom he was in love.



At the top of the design is Fudo Myo-o, the guardian deity of waterfalls, and at the bottom and top right are Seitaka and Kongara ( doji of Fudo ). This subject lends itself to some wonderful designs: See this website for a rare horizontal triptych by Yoshitoshi , and there are many single sheets by various artists. The vertical triptych format is rare: It was more convenient to view prints in the horizontal and it was difficult to insert into albums, the top sheets having to be heavily trimmed to fit.
- source : www.japaneseprints-london.com


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The Story of the Priest Mongaku and the God Fudo

. Tomita Keisen 富田渓仙　(1879-1936) .


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MONGAKU, Priest Mongaku 文覚（もんがく)
July 20. 保延5年（1139年） - 建仁3年7月21日（1203年8月29日）

Mongaku Ki 文覚忌 (もんがくき) Mongaku Memorial Day
Moritoo Ki 盛遠忌（もりとおき）Moritoo Memorial Day

. Memorial Days of Famous People　－ Autumn Kigo .



冷麦喰ふ僧は文覚の行にさも似たり
hiyamugi kuu zoo wa Mongaku no gyoo ni samo nitari

the monk who eats
chilled wheat noodles resembles
priest Mongaku in his asceticism . . .

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .


Hiyamugi 冷麦 (ひやむぎ) Wheat noodles chilled
on ice and served with a dipping sauce
hiyashi mugi 冷し麦（ひやしむぎ）
kirimugi 切麦（きりむぎ）
. WKD - kigo for all summer .

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- Reference - 文覚 -

- Reference - English -


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Nelson Mandela

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Nelson Mandela


- quote
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
(born 18 July 1918) is a South African anti-apartheid activist, revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first to be elected in a fully representative, multiracial election.



His administration focused on dismantling apartheid's legacy, and cutting racism, poverty and inequality. Politically a democratic socialist, he served as president of the African National Congress (ANC) political party from 1991 to 1997. Internationally, Mandela was the Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Poetry cannot block a bullet or still a sjambok,
but it can bear witness to brutality,
thereby cultivating a flower in a graveyard.


Praying for Nelson
He taught the world forgiveness
And we need him still

. Res John Burman, March 2013 .

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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
(18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013)




Honoring Nelson Mandela.
"Morning mist in East Africa", Toshi Yoshida (1911-1995) - 1991.
source :　Ukiyo-e & sumi-e facebook


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quote
Mandela's history in Japan
Former South African president Nelson Mandela visited Japan three times.
The first time was in October 1990 at the invitation of the Japanese government. This was 8 months after he was released from prison following more than 27 years behind bars.
His title then was the vice president of the African National Congress.

Mandela met the prime minister at the time, Toshiki Kaifu and other ruling and opposition party officials. He delivered a speech in the Diet, calling for Japan's support to abolish his country's apartheid policies.
About 30,000 people came to a meeting in Osaka. This prompted wider support for Mandela among Japanese people, leading to a greater anti-apartheid movement in Japan.

Mandela's second visit was in April 1991. He was invited as a guest speaker by the International Press Institute or IPI to a world meeting held in Kyoto.

His third visit was realized in July 1995, a year after he became president following the abolition of apartheid.

As a state guest, Mandela met the Emperor and the Empress. He also met with the then prime minister Tomiichi Murayama and expressed his gratitude for Japan's support for his country's nation-building efforts.
source : NHK world news



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le vieux lion sud-africain
a fermé les yeux
~ invaincu

the old south-african lion
has closed his eyes
~ undefeated

*
les sud-africains
ont perdu leur père
~ goodbye, Nelson

the people of South Africa
have lost their father
~ goodbye, Nelson

Roger Amade, December 5, 2013

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invisible,
this ghost haunts apartheid ...
Black Pimpernel

Pat Geyer

"Disguising himself as a chauffeur, Mandela travelled the country incognito, organising the ANC's new cell structure and a mass stay-at-home strike for 29 May.
Referred to as the "Black Pimpernel" in the press – a reference to Emma Orczy's 1905 novel The Scarlet Pimpernel – the police put out a warrant for his arrest."
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !




beyond life
he still encourages
all of us

Hideo Suzuki



bright star
the Great Leader's legacy
for mankind

Willie Bongky


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I wipe a tear
on hearing Mandela's demise-
late night news

speaker after speaker
eulogising Nelson Mandela-
rainy stadium

Mandela death-
chants of freedom songs
render the air




and these are the last of Mandela's demise.


church congregation-
Mandela's large portrait
smiles at them

Qunu Hills-
three copters carrying
three massive flags

the 21 gun salute
render the Qunu ai -
Mandela burial

Andrew Otinga, Kenya


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brightest star
just vanished from galaxy...
the dimmer sky

Amrao Gill


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Murakami Kijo

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Murakami Kijoo 村上鬼城 Murakami Kijo -
Murakami Kijō

(1865-1938)


source :　www.bungaku.pref.gunma.jp

He born in Edo in 1865. The family moved to Takasaki city in 1873.
He was a friend of Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規, Takahama Kyoshi 高浜虚子, Oosuka Otsuji 大須賀乙字, and joined the group to publish the first edition of the haiku magazine 'Hototogisu'.
He published his first own collection in 1917.
He died on September 17th, 1938 at the age of 73.


Kijoo Ki 鬼城忌 (きじょうき ) Kijo Memorial Day
September 17

kigo for mid-autumn
. WKD : Memorial Days .



鬼城忌や俳人多き城下町
kijooki ya haijin ooki jookamachi

Kijo Memorial Day -
so many haiku poets
in the castle town

Furukawa Shimozuru 古川芋蔓

. jookamachi 城下町 Jokamachi, castle town .


. Takasaki Town and the Daruma Mascots 高崎達磨 .



- quote
Murakami Kijo (1865-1938) was a Japanese haiku poet, a frequent contributor to the haiku magazine Hototogisu, and one of the followers of the great modern master Masaoka Shiki.

As a young man, he studied law but had to give it up when he became deaf due to an illness. Starting in 1894, he worked as a legal scribe in a courthouse in Takasaki, a small town about sixty miles from Tokyo. With his meager salary, he had a difficult time supporting his ten children. He was fired in 1915, but the friends he had met though his poetry intervened and he returned to his post. In 1927, the luckless Kijo lost his possessions and his home in a fire.

Kijo is often compared to the great master Kobayashi Issa because both men led lives of sorrow and hardship and their work is characterized by a deep empathy.
source : everything2.com



- quote
Murakami Kijō war ein japanischer Lyriker.
Murakami verlor als Kind das Gehör und konnte daher keine Laufbahn im Militär- oder Staatsdienst einschlagen. Ab 1873 lebte er mit seiner Familie in Takasaki. Hier begann er Gedichte zu schreiben und wurde Schüler von Masaoka Shiki und Takahama Kyoshi. Er schloss sich der Gruppe um Masaoka an und arbeitete an deren Haiku-Magazin Hototogisu mit.
1917 veröffentlichte er die Haikusammlung Kijō kushū.
Posthum erschienen die beiden Gedichtbände Teihon Kijō kushū (1940) und Kijō haiku hairon-shū (1947).
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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治聾酒の酔ふほどもなくさめにけり　
jirooshu no you hodo mo naku same ni keri

not really drunk
from the deafness-curing sake
I get sober again

. WKD : jirooshu 治聾酒 deafness-curing sake .
kigo for mid-spring




麦飯に 何も申さじ 夏の月
mugimeshi ni nani mo moosaji natsu no tsuki

rice mixed with barley
and I can not even complain -
moon in summer

. WKD : mugimeshi 麦飯 rice with barley/wheat .
kigo for early summer




冬蜂の死にどころなく歩きけり
fuyubachi no shinidokoro naku arukikeri

a winter bee
with no place to die
keeps walking


. WKD : fuyu no hachi 冬の蜂 bee in winter .




春雨や確かに見たる石の精
harusame ya tashika ni mitaru ishi no sei

spring rain -
I really saw this
spirit of the stone


. WKD : magaibutsu 磨崖仏 stone-cliff Buddhas .


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痩馬の あはれ機嫌や 秋高し
いささかの 金ほしがりぬ 年の暮
五月雨や 起き上がりたる 根無草
蟷螂の 頭まわして 居直りぬ
浅間山の 煙出て見よ 今朝の月
雹晴れて 豁然とある 山河かな
- His Haiku : haiku annai


- Reference : 村上鬼城

- Reference : Murakami Kijo


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