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18/03/2018

Yamada Hokoku

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Yamada Hookoku 山田方谷 Yamada Hokoku
(1805 – 1877)



- quote
Yamada Hokoku
was an educator and a vassal of the Bitchu Matsuyama Domain. As a subject of the Matsuyama Domain, Hokoku helped bring about the domain’s reformation, working to repay debt totaling twice as much as the domain’s revenue while leaving the same amount of accumulated wealth, all in just eight years. These efforts, including developing specialty products, improving farm tools, and promoting encouragement of new industries, always had the interest of the common people in mind.
Because he was also an educator, Hokoku encouraged common people to train both body and mind. His actions were based on the philosophies of 市民撫育 / 士民撫育"Shiminbuiku" (which states that all things are intended for the people) and 至誠惻怛 “Shiseisokudatsu” (the spirit of cordiality and affection).
In his later years, Hokoku received a request from the government to assist his country, which he refused and instead dedicated himself to the education of children in private supplementary schools in his hometown, at the Shizutani School, and at other locations.
Yamada Hokoku served Bitchu Matsuyama Castle, one of Japan’s 12 castles with a main keep that still stands today. The castle is located atop a mountain at an altitude of 430 m, making it the highest fortress in Japan with an existing main keep. Bitchu Matsuyama Castle is famously known as the “Castle in the Sky,” as it appears to be floating on a sea of clouds.
- source : okayama-japan.jp/en/feature...
Education, Culture, and History of Okayama


Yamada Hokoku - SamuraiWiki


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至誠惻怛の人 山田方谷





Gendai ni ikasu yamada hokoku no shiso
by Yamada Hokoku Kenkyukai


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- Reference - 山田方谷 -
- Reference - yamada hokoku -


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02/12/2016

Kasane and Yoemon

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- for Unuma juku 鵜沼宿, see below
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Kasane and Yoemon 累と与右衛門

A piece of real life, about a husband killing his wife and her revenge as a ghost.
This story later became a Kabuki play.



- quote
Meiboku Kasane Monogatari
The drama "Date Kurabe Okuni Kabuki"
was premiered in the 7th lunar month of 1778 at the Nakamuraza [casting]. It had an influence on the evolutions of "Meiboku Sendai Hagi". Many scenes from "Date Kurabe Okuni Kabuki" were integrated within "Meiboku Sendai Hagi".
"The play is based on a real event involving the Date clan of Sendai during the 1660's, but censorship prevented contemporary incidents being dramatized, so the drama was set during the Muromachi period (1336-1568), and names were changed to disguise the protagonists' identity."
(text courtesy of Jean Wilson 1998)
- - - Introduction
Kinugawa Tanizô, a sumôtori patronized by Lord Ashikaga Yorikane, assassinated the courtesan Takao, Yorikane's lover, in order to save him from his scandalous love affair about to bring ruin to his household. Kinugawa Tanizô succeeded in escaping and hid himself in the village of Hanyû. Disguising himself as a farmer and calling himself Yoemon, he married Kasane, the younger sister of both Takao and the tôfu maker Saburobei. Soon after their wedding, Kasane was cursed by Takao's evil spirit and her face was horribly disfigured. Kasane was not aware of the change, however, as Yoemon forbade her to use any mirror at home.
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Dobashi - The Earthen Bridge
When she arrives at the river bank near the earthen bridge, Kasane notices the approach of Kingorô and Princess Utakata. So she hides in a bush and overhears their conversation in which Kingorô persuades Princess Utakata to marry Yoemon. Yoemon arrives and asks Kingorô to hand over Princess Utakata. As he has not brought the 100 ryô, however, Kingorô refuses to comply and, being convinced that Yoemon is in fact Kinugawa Tanizô, threatens to betray him to the magistrate's office. As Kingorô runs off in the direction of the magistrate's office, Yoemon follows him in hot pursuit.



Kasane appears from the bush and, jealous of Princess Utakata who is going to marry her husband, attacks her with a sickle. Yoemon comes back and tries to stop Kasane and in so doing accidentally cuts her wife's throat with her sickle. When she dies her face miraculously recovers its original beauty.

The tôfu maker Saburobei, Kasane's elder brother, who has been hiding in a bush, appears and goes near his sister's body. Yoemon attempts to kill himself with the sickle to atone for the horrible murder of Kasane but is dissuaded by Saburobei. He cuts off Kasane's head and takes it to the magistrate's office to pass it off as that of Princess Utakata, who is wanted by the magistrate.
- source : kabuki21.com/kasane2


Utagawa Kunisada

「与右衛門 - 松本幸四郎」Yoemon - Matsumoto Koshiro
「累 - 尾上菊五郎」Kasane - Onoe Kikugoro


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source : mfa.org/collections/object/unuma-yoemon ...

Unuma: Yoemon and His Wife Kasane,
from the series Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidô Road (Kisokaidô rokujûkyû tsugi no uchi)
「木曾街道六十九次之内 鵜沼 与右ヱ門 女房累」
by Utagawa Kuniyoshi 1852

. Nakasendoo 中山道 Nakasendo Road - Kiso .
Gifu Prefecture / 52. Unuma-juku 鵜沼宿 (Kakamigahara)

- quote -
Unuma-juku 鵜沼宿
was the fifty-second of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō.
It was also the last post station on the Inagi Kaidō. It is located in the present-day city of Kakamigahara, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The eastern and western portions of the old post town joined together to become a formal post town in 1651.
Unuma-juku is approximately six kilometers from the preceding post town, Ōta-juku.


print by Keisai Eisen

The old post town contains such historical treasures as Kuan-ji Temple, the ancient tomb of Ishozuka, and haiku-engraved monuments left by Matsuo Bashō.
- source : wikipedia -


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. Edo Kabuki .

. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

Kasane カサネ / かさね
On the 11th day of the 8th month in 1647, Kasane was killed by her husband Yoemon at the river Kinugawa.
He later married again, but his wives were all killed by the jealous Yurei ghost-spirit of Kasane. His 6th wife bore him a child named 菊 Kiku, but this wife was also killed in September of 1671.



When Kiku was 13 years old, Kasane tried to possess Kiku, but was finally enlightened, healed from her jealousy and could pass on to the Buddhist Paradise.

- reference : nichibun yokai database -



死霊解脱物語聞書 - 江戸怪談を読む
小二田誠二 Konita Seiji (1961 - )

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rui, kasane 累(るい、かさね)

Yurei Attack!: The Japanese Ghost Survival Guide
By Hiroko Yoda, Matt Alt
O-Rui (Orui) お塁 (another reading for Kasane)
- Read the story at google books :
- source : Matt Alt, google books -

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- Reference - 累と与右衛門 -
- Reference - kasane yoemon -

. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- - - #kasane #yoemon - - -
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30/08/2016

Yukawa Shodo

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Yukawa Shoodoo 湯川松堂 Yukawa Shodo
(1868 - ? )

Painter of Nihonga 日本画家.
He was born in Wakayama, and know as Ainosuke 愛之助.
His teachers were 三谷貞広 Mitani Sadahiro and 鈴木松年 Suzuki Shonen (1848 - 1918).
He lived in Osaka and was still alive in 1915.
The exact date of his death is not known.


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湯川松堂筆  達磨図 Daruma










- source : chilyarennjiyanoyasai

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湯川松堂筆『達磨図』Standing Daruma






- source : -

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. . . CLICK here for more Japanese Photos !

. . . CLICK here for more Photos in English !

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- Reference - 湯川松堂 -
- Reference - Yukawa Shodo painter -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- - - #yukawashodo - - -
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01/01/2016

Ushiwakamaru Yoshitsune

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
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牛若丸 Ushiwakamaru 源の義経 Minamoto no Yoshitsune
(1159 - 1189)
Shanaoo, Shanaō 遮那王 Shanao (his boyhood name at Kurama)
Hoogan 判官 Hogan (his court title)



Ushiwakamaru and Benkei at the Gojo Bridge in Kyoto 京の五条の橋

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a general of the Minamoto clan of Japan in the late Heian and early Kamakura period. "It is evident that Yoshitsune had a genius for offensive warfare...and although Yoshitsune had no knowledge of naval warfare he had the advantage of an acute strategic insight and a quick eye for tactical chances.
..... He was put under the care of Kurama Temple (鞍馬寺), nestled in the Hiei Mountains near the capital of Kyoto,
..... The fight between Ushiwakamaru and the bandit chief 熊坂長範 Kumasaka Chohan in 1174. Yoshitsune was only 15 when he defeated the notorious bandit leader.
..... In 1180, Yoshitsune heard that Yoritomo, now head of the Minamoto clan, had raised an army at the request of Prince Mochihito to fight against the Taira clan (also known as the Heike) which had usurped the power of the emperor. Yoshitsune shortly thereafter joined Yoritomo, along with Minamoto no Noriyori, all brothers who had never before met, in the last of three conflicts between the rival Minamoto and Taira samurai clans, known as the Genpei War.
Yoshitsune defeated and killed his rival cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka at the Battle of Awazu in Ōmi Province in March 1184 and then defeated the Taira at the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe. In 1185, Yoshitsune defeated the Taira again at the Battle of Yashima in Shikoku and destroyed them at the Battle of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Yoshitsune was subsequently named Governor of Iyo.



..... However
the death of Yoshitsune has been very illusive. According to Ainu historical accounts of Yoshitsune's death it is said he did not commit seppuku and instead escaped to Hokkaido and acquired the name of Okikurumi/Oinakamui. Moreover, in Hokkaido the Yoshitsune Shrine is erected in the town of Biratori also known in Ainu as Pira Utur (ピラウトゥル).
Another
famous Japanese theory of Yoshitsune's whereabouts after evading death comes from the idea that Yoshitsune made his way past Hokkaido by sailing to the mainland continent of Asia and became Genghis Khan.
..... Yoshitsune has long been a popular figure in Japanese literature and culture due to his appearance as the main character in the third section of the Japanese literary classic Heike Monogatari (Tale of the Heike). The Japanese term for "sympathy for a tragic hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓 lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Hōgan, which he received from the Imperial Court.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- - - - - Persons related to Yoshitsune

. Yoshitsune and his loyal retainer, Musashibo Benkei 弁慶 .

. Ushiwakamaru and Joruri Gozen 浄瑠璃御前 .
Yoruri Hime 浄瑠璃姫 Princess Joruri in Aichi

. Kaneuri Kichiji 金売吉次 / 吉次信高 / 橘次末春 / 金売り吉次 .
Gold merchant of Kyoto, he brought Ushiwakamaru to Hiraizumi.

. Kumasaka Choohan 熊坂長範 Kumasaka Chohan .

. Ushiwakamaru and Minatsuru-hime 皆鶴姫 .
at the temple 観音寺 Kannon-Ji in Kesennuma, Miyagi - and Kiichi Hôgen, Kiichi Hoogen 鬼一法眼 Kiichi Hogen

. With Shizuka Gozen 静御前 at Mount Yoshino 吉野山 .
Futari Shizuka 二人静
Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura 義経千本桜 Yoshitsune and the Thousand Cherry Trees, Kabuki play

Tokiwa Gozen 常磐御前 Lady Tokiwa - His Mother (1123 - ?1180)

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- - - - - Places related to Yoshitsune

. Aikyoo-In 愛敬院 Aikyo-In - Miyagi .
Minamoto Yoshitsune is said to have passed here on his travels up North to Hiraizumi.

Gikeiji 義経寺 Gikei-Ji at Minmaya 三厩村 - Dragon Horse Temple 龍馬山 Iwate
GIKEI is another reading for Yoshitsune

. Hiraizumi 平泉 in Michinoku / Tohoku .
Fujiwara no Hidehira 藤原秀衡 (1122? - 1187)
He offered shelter to the young Minamoto no Yoshitsune, who was escaping Kyoto.

. Kurama yama 鞍馬山 Mount Kurama in Kyoto .

. Noma Daibo 野間大坊 Omido temple .
the place where Minamoto no Yoshitomo, the father of Yoritomo and Yoshitsune, was killed

. Soojoogatani 僧正谷 /僧正ガ谷 Sojogatani, Sojogadani . - Kurama, Kyoto


CLICK for original link . kanshin.com
Ushiwakamaru 牛若丸

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- - - - - Food related to Yoshitsune

. Dorayaki (どら焼き, どらやき, 銅鑼焼き, ドラ焼き) .

. Ushiwaka mochi 牛若餅 Ushiwaka rice cakes  
Named after Minamoto no Yoshitsune in his boyhood (Ushiwaka, the one as strong as a bull), when he was trained at the Kurama Mountain Temple by the Forest Goblins (tengu).

. Yoshitsune raamen 義経ラーメン Yoshitsune ramen soup .


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- - - - - Folk art related to Yoshitsune


CLICK for more samples of dolls !

. Kokeshi, こけし / 小芥子 / 子消し wooden doll .

. Nagoya karakuri ningyoo 名古屋 からくり人形 from Aichi .
Ushiwaka and Benkei 牛若 弁慶


. Surugadako, Suruga tako 駿河凧 kite from Suruga .
. . . . . with Ushiwakamaru 牛若丸

tako 義経 弁慶 凧 kites with Yoshitsune and Benkei
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

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Kawadai-keikoku 川台渓谷 Kawadai Gorge
Kawadai Gorge is a 2 km gorge located in the down stream of Kurikoma Dam to the south of Mt. Karekidachiyama in Kurihara City in the northern end of Miyagi Prefecture. The scenery in the seasons of tender green and autumn leaves is especially beautiful.
The gorge has several legends concerning Minamoto no Yoshitsune.
The statue of Gofukin Fudoson placed by Yoshitsune remains on a rock and a small hall looking like an oratory stands by the stream. Near the hall is a waterfall named “Tsukuri-daki.” Legend has it that Benkei, the retainer of Yoshitsune, rolled rocks with a light hand and created the waterfall, saying, “There must be a waterfall by the Fudo Hall.”
With several places of interest such as Saruwatari (Monkey’s Path), the gorge is suitable for pleasant hiking. From late October through early November, branches with colorful leaves protrude over the stream to form a blazing tunnel, which looks breathtakingly beautiful.
- source : nipponkichi -

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Yoshitsune and Benkei viewing Cherry Blossoms
Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839-1892)

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- - - - - Yoshitsune and his horses 義経の馬 - - - - -

kataha no ashi 片葉の葦 one-sided reed
In 福島県 Fukushima, 鹿島町 Kashima, in the hamlet 栃窪 Tochikubo there lived a farmer named 久七 Kyushichi who had many fine horses. His most vital and strong one was 太夫黒 Tayu-guro. It often roamed the mountain of 立石山 Tateishiyama and came to the pond Mano no Ike 真野の池 to feed on the reeds.
Often it did not come home for the night. It even had a web for swimming like a duck at his legs (mizukaki 水掻き).
The horse grew up to a superb animal and Kushichi presented it to the Lord, 藤原秀衡 Fujiwara no Hidehira. Hidehira gave it to Yoshitsune when the young man left for the war.
Since Tayu-guro used to eat only the leaves of one side of the reeds, they were soon called "one-sided reeds".



Tayuuuguro 太夫黒 Tayuguro, Tayu-guro .
He rode at the Hiyodorigoe 鵯越 crossing the Hiyodori Pass 鵯峠  (near Kobe, Rokkosan).


Utagawa Hiroshige 歌川広重

Yoshitsune Climbing Up the Rough Part of Hiyodori Pass
Yoshitsune's daring descent from Hiyodori Pass in his surprise attack against the Heike.
..... fierce fighting starts at Ikuta-no-mori and Ichi-no-tani, but neither side is able to gain a decisive advantage. Yoshitsune’s cavalry descends a steep slope at Hiyodori Pass decisively attacking the Taira from the rear.
The Taira panic and flee to the boats.....
- reference -

There is another legend about the end of Taiyu-Guro from Kagawa, 志度町 Shido town.
When lord 佐藤継信 Sato Tsugunobu (1150 - 1185), one of the 義経四天王 four brave retainers of Yoshitsune, gave his life to save his Master, Yoshitsune came to his grave to mourn for him. He asked 覚阿上人 Saint Kakua from the temple Shido-dera to perform the rites for Ysugunobu. To show his gratitude, he also gave Kakua his beloved horse, which was a gift to Yoshitsune from the Emperor. The priest Kakua 覚阿上人 cared for the horse at the temple 志度寺 Shidodera, but after the events at Hiyodori Pass, it was given to 極楽寺 at nearby 鴨部馬次 Kabe, Umatsugi.
The horse lived there for a while and then suddenly and then run away one day.
The priest was in great worry about loosing this famous imperial horse and all villagers began to search for it. Finally they found it dead in front of the grave of Tsugunobu
So the priests held another great ritual for the horse and built a grave mound for Yoshitsune's Taiyu-guro, very close to 牟礼の王墓 Mure no Ohaka, the grave mound of the son of 景行天皇 Emperor Keiko Tenno, the Lord of Sanuki no Kuni, 神櫛王 Kangushi.
Kangushi no Ohaka 神櫛(かんぐし)王墓 Grave of King Kangushi

Satō Tsugunobu
Japanese warrior and the brother of Satō Tadanobu.
Tsugunobu died in the Battle of Yashima, while protecting Minamoto Yoshitsune from an arrow shot of Taira no Noritsune by riding between Yoshitsune and Noritsune. Tsugunobu was buried in Mure, Kagawa by Taira no Noritsune himself.
Tsugunobu and his brother Tadanobu "were 'given' to Yoshitsune by Fujiwara no Hidehira when Yoshitsune left Oshu to join Yoritomo.
Tsugunobu is mentioned in Hagakure in the passage about martial valor.
- source : wikipedia -


. Shidodera 志度寺 Shido-Dera (Shido-Ji) .
Shikoku Henro Temple Nr. 86


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Nara 吉野郡 Yoshino district

In the mountains of 大台山 / 大台ヶ原山 Odaigahara Yama there is a horse of Yoshitsune.
But in reality it is a huge kamoshika 羚羊 (大かもしか) Japanese serow
Rupicapra rupicapra. Gemse, Gams.

Ipponashi, the horse of Yoshitsune - BUT 一本足は義経の馬であった - が

- 一本足は義経の馬であったが、人を食うようになったので家臣に鉄砲で射られた。そして熊野の湯へ養生に行った。使われた鉄砲は正月の何日かに格闘を思い出して汗をかくという。
- 一本足は、寝ない子を脅すときに母親が用いたりする。一本足は義経の馬との混合型であるとも言われる。

Ippondatara, Ippon-datara 一本ダタラ - Ippon tatara / Obamine no Ipponashi 伯母峯の一本足
at the pass 伯母峠 Obamine in Wakayama, 北山村



. 猪笹王 Wild Boar King Inosasa-O became an Oni .
every year on the 20th day of the 12th lunar month, the day when all Oni become free, it could come back to this world.
This day is called
. hate no hatsuka 果ての二十日 the final day 20 of the year .



Now Ippon-Datara is a Yokai monster.
Ippon-Datara is a Persona of the Hermit arcana. It specializes in Darkness element attacks.

- quote -
According to some stories, an Ippon Datara is a very skillful blacksmith, giving them two possible origins:
-- Ghost of a blacksmith banished from his village (losing an eye or a limb wasn't uncommon hazard).
-- Manifestation of Ameno-me-Hitotsu, kami of the forge, metalcraft, and blacksmithing.

User with this ability either is or can transform into a Ippon Datara, one-legged mountain spirit with appearance of either human-like or a huge pillar. Regardless they have a single eye on like a Cyclops, a massive body and only one leg. Normally they don't show themselves to humans and let only their presence be felt, but at certain times they may become aggressive.
- source : powerlisting.wikia.com -


. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - Introduction - .

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Nara 吉野郡 Yoshino district 龍門村 Ryumon mura

akuryyoo 悪霊 evil spirit
Yoshitsune camped at the pondside 義経淵 Yoshitsunefuchi in the open and was ?killed by the enemy. To our day this place is haunted by evil spirits.
On the rock there are the remains where Yoshitsune slept and where his horse slept.
義経淵は、義経がここで野宿して敵に殺された.

奈良吉野の蹴抜の塔(隠れ塔)
- source : yositune1189 源義経大辞典 -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

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Fukushima 白河市 Shirakawa

sakura no tsue 桜の杖 walking stick from cherry wood
In the 10th month of the year 1180 the local regent 信夫庄司 Shinobu Shoji Satō 佐藤元治 Sato Motoharu had his two children,
嗣信 Tsugunobu and 忠信 Tadanobu become retainers of Yoshitsune.
As a proof of their loyalty he planted a stick of cherry wood in the ground and spoke:
"If my two sons will be loyal to Yoshitsune, this stick will grow into a tree.
Otherwise this stick will wither away!"

「わが子が君に忠であれば生きよ、さもなくば枯れよ」
The stick grew into a beautiful cherry tree and was called 庄司戻し桜 Shoji modoshi sakura.

Tsugunobu (1158 – 1185) was killed at Yashima, in Kagawa prefecture, protecting Yoshitsune from an arrow by the enemy Taira no Noritsune.
Tadanobu (1153 - 1186) was killed in Kyoto. Both were killed in defense of Yoshitsune.



The tree withered later but was replanted.

Matsuo Basho, Oku no Hosomichi 奥の細道
- - - Station 14 - Sato Shoji, Satoshoji 佐藤庄司 旧跡 - - -


"Crossing the ferry of Moon Halo, I came to the post town of Rapid's Head.
The ruined house of the brave warrior Sato was about a mile and a half from this post town towards the foot of the mountains on the left. I pushed my way towards the village of Iizuka, and found a hill called Maruyama in the open field of Sabano. This was the site of the warrior's house. I could not refrain from weeping, when I saw the remains of the front gate at the foot of the hill. There was a lonely temple in the vicinity, and tombs of the Sato family were still standing in the graveyard. I wept bitterly in front of the tombstones of the two young wives, remembering how they had dressed up their frail bodies in armor after the death of their husbands. In fact I felt as if I were in the presence of the Weeping Tombstone of China.
I went into the temple to have a drink of tea. Among the treasures of the temple were the sword of Yoshitsune and
the satchel which his faithful retainer, Benkei, had carried on his back."

Ioji-temple 医王寺 and the Sato family
Tomb of the Sato brothers
. - - - Station 14 - Remains of Sato Shoji, Satoshoji 佐藤庄司 旧跡 - - - .

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兵庫県 Hyogo

Shizuka ga haka 静が墓 grave of Shizuka, his wife
由来の分からない古墳があった。そこの木を牛飼いの男が切ったところ、正気でなくなったので、人々が尋ねたところ、自分は義経の妾、静と名乗り、男が勝手に木を切ったので怒っていると言った。人々が信じられずに舞ってほしいと扇を渡すと、すばらしい舞をし、和歌を詠んだ。


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岩手県 Iwate, 平泉町 Hiraizumi

. 鬼三太仙人 / オニサンタセンニン Oni Santa Sennin .
Kisanta 喜三太 / 鬼三太 - Kisanta died at the battle of Kinugawa.


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京都府 Kyoto

Tengu 天狗 - 兵法場
Ushiwakamaru studied sword fighting with the Tengu. The place were they practised is called 兵法場.
heihoo 兵法 Heiho, military principles and additionaly swordsmanship and Tengu magic.
If people pick up a stone from this area, whey will always win in a fight.

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Miyagi, Sendai - - some legends are also told in Iwate.

岩戸三光宮 Iwado Sankogu and 青麻神社 Aoso Jinja

. Aoso Jinja 青麻神社 "Green Hemp Shrine" .

- - - - - and more about his faithful retainer
. Hitachibo Kaison Sennin 常陸坊海尊仙人 .
- - - - - Seietsu Sennin 清悦仙人 - - - - -

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Nagano, 鼎町 Kanaemachi

kiriishi, kiri-ishi 切石
Benkei and Ushiwakamaru came here.
- 弁慶と牛若丸がやってきた。道をさえぎる石を切ろうとして、弁慶は太刀を使ったが、石に傷をつけただけであった。次に金剛力がやってみると、石は見事に一刀両断にされた。
- 義経が弁慶らを伴って京都から鎌倉に向かっている時、ある石に弁慶が薙刀で切りかかったが、それは切れなかった。代わって義経が切りつけると、見事に真二つに切れてしまった。
- 源義経が頼朝に追われている時、通った道に大きな石があったので先に勧めなかった。弁慶が薙刀で切りつけたが、割れなかった。次に義経がやってみると石は真っ2つになった。

komaishi, koma ishi 駒石
弁慶が道を塞いでいる大石を切りつけようとすると、義経が駒に乗って見物していた石が駒石である。今でも蹄の跡が残る。石の平らな面に、浅い円形の凹があるものが駒石である。


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Nara 奈良県
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大柳生町 Oyagyucho

Tokiwa Gozen 常盤御前
She gave birth to Yoshitsune at the temple 不自由寺.
Tokiwabuchi 常盤淵
- 産ケ淵は、たらい淵、常盤淵ともいい、常盤御前がこの岩のくぼみで牛若丸に産湯をつかわせたという。
- 藤の森は、常盤御前が牛若丸を生んだところという。

牛若丸から習った棒術 添上郡柳生村柳生
柳生藩の棒術長谷川流の祖、長谷川金右衛門が、甞て奈良からの帰り、大柳生村を通ると、子供の泣声が、夜更けの山中に聞こえた。それは、常磐御前が、牛若丸を産み落として、旅の苦労をして居るのだった。金右衛門は不憫に思って、親子を柳生の宅に連れ帰り、牛若丸を養育してやった。此の縁故によって、後に牛若丸が鞍馬山に居た時、金右衛門は彼山で再会し、棒術を伝えられた。それが此の流儀だと云う。
今も大柳生には、常磐の森があり、産湯の淵があり、当時不自由であったというので、不自由寺と称する寺もある。(橋本春陵)
source : kamado.net/den_yamato/soekami_den

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. 白狐源九郎 The White Fox Genkuro .
at 源九郎稲荷社 Genkuro Inari Jinja,
The shrine is named after Genkuro Minamoto Yoshitsune

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- source : nichibun yokai database -
15 義経
牛若丸 - ウシワカマル

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -



夏草や兵どもが夢の跡
natsukusa ya tsuwamono-domo ga yume no ato

Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 in Hiraizumi

This famous haiku gave rise to many discussions.


Yoshitsune ki 義経忌 Yoshitsune Memorial Day
(1159 – June 15, 1189) - - - kigo for mid-summer

. natsukusa ya tsuwamono-domo ga yume no ato .

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- Reference - 源の義経 -
- Reference - English -

- - - #yoshitsune #ushiwakamaru #minamotonoyoshitsune - - -
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19/01/2015

Yoshimura Kei

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Yoshimura Kei 吉村形
(1974 - )

lives in Kumamoto - Kunugi no Mori
熊本県阿蘇郡小国町にあるくぬぎの森

woodblock prints of Daruma, Fudo, Kappa and more . . .

- Homepage of the artist - Studio Kei スタジオケイ
- ameblo.jp/keihamm -

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- Kappa Fudo 河童不動



. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .










A Kappa with folded hands, walking and listening to the wind.
He is all alone . . .

- KAPPA - 河童 / 合羽 / かっぱ / カッパ - ABC-Index -


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Daruma 達磨

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. - - - Join my Kappa friends on facebook ! - - - .


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07/10/2014

Yamamoto Baiitsu

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Yamamoto Baiitsu 山本梅逸
(1783-1856)

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"Plum Blossom Study"
"Cottage with Paulownias and Bamboo" 1853
- source : www.kaikodo.com


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- quote
Yamamoto Baiitsu (1783 - 1856)
Nanga and Bunjin style painter at the latter part of the Edo period.

Baiitsu was born in Nagoya of Owari Province as a son of Yamamoto Ariemon, engraver.
When Baiitsu was 13 years old, his father died, and, his family was deprived.
Even though, his mother was enthusiastic about educating her son, she teached him Japanese Waka poem.
Baiitsu liked painting from his childhood, he started studying painting under Yamamoto Rantei at first. Rantei spotted the Baiitsu's potential and he made Baiitsu to be a pupil of Cho Gessho.
Later, Kamiya Tenyu, wealthy merchant, patron of artists in Owari area and collector of antique drawings, gave sanctuary to Baiitsu.
Tenyu coached him how to paint, and also permitted to see his collection for Baiitsu to gain skills. In these days, Baiitsu met Nakabayashi Chikudo who was 7 years older and was going to become a sworn friend of him.

In 1802, their benefactor Tenyu died, Baiitsu and Chikudo went to Kyoto.
They copied out old paintings displayed in the temples and shrines in Kyoto to caltivate their skills. Though, they could not become popular in the Kyoto circle of painters at that time. They once came back to Nagoya, however, Baiitsu went to Kyoto again in 1832.

Baiitsu was admitted as a master painter at this time.
He had relationships with Rai Sanyo and Yanagawa Seigan and others.
Based in Kyoto, Baiitsu traveled to every regeon in Japan.
When he was in Edo, he collaborated with Tani Buncho, another master painter .
In 1854, Baiitsu was appointed to be an official painter of Owari Domain and he came back to Nagoya.

Baiitsu was good at painting Sansui landscape views and flowers & birds.
Now, he is generally categorized as Nanga style painter.
However, he established his own original, exquisite and concinnous painting style as he was influenced by several styles such as realism of the Maruyama-Shijo school and techniques of Chinese old paintings.
- source : jyuluck-do.com


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- source : www.nagaragawagarou.com

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- Reference - 山本梅逸 -

- Reference - English -


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28/07/2014

Yuten Shonin

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Yuuten, Yūten 祐天 Yuten Shami
Yuuten Shoonin 祐天上人 Yuten Shonin

(1637 - 1718)





- source : www.robynbuntin.com

- quote
Fudo Myoo Threatening the Young Priest Yuten Shami
Fantastic depiction of the Buddhist deity Fudu Myoo threatening the young priest Yuten Shami with a sword. The kneeling acolyte clasps his hands together in prayer as the deity grips him by the neck, inserting the sword down his victim's throat. Surrounded by red flames, the fiery spirit grimaces at the young man.
According to legend, Yuten Shami was a terrible scholar and could not learn the sutras. After his teachers gave him up as hopeless, he swore a vow before an image of Fudu Myoo to become a better student. That night, he dreamed of swallowing a sword. The next morning he woke up coughing up blood, and long with it, his stupidity. From that day on, he was a gifted and wise student.
- source : Yoshitoshi (1839 - 1892) - facebook




another print by Yoshitoshi


Yuten prayed at Narita Fudo 成田不動尊 - 新勝寺 Temple Shinsho-Ji
. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .



. Tsukioka Yoshitoshi 月岡芳年 .
(1839 – June 9, 1892)


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- quote
Fudo-Myo Threatening a Novice, 1885
Taiso Yoshitoshi (1839 - 1892)

This is one of the great and outstanding works by Yoshitoshi. He presents a supernatural event laden with symbolism and significance and overlaid with an astonishing sense of the dramatic and the powerful design for which he is now so famous. The influence of the ukiyo-e tradition of theatre prints is evident in the composition of the piece - the placement of each character on its own sheet recalls the habit of selling kabuki triptychs in single or multiple sheets. The shallow space evokes the traditional stage of the kabuki theatre as do the dramatic roles - frozen in time as in the climax of kabuki scenes.
Yoshitoshi uses these devices to order his composition for maximum effect - focusing the eye on the terrifying aspect of the statue of the fire god Fudo Myo, now come to life, leaning over the child-like figure of Yuten Shonin, the novitiate priest.




One interpretation of this print (not helped by the title), is that the young priest is being assaulted by the monstrous demon, but this is incorrect. The piece is intimately tied up with Buddhist legend and some historical fact. Yuten Shonin (1637 - 1718) is an historical character. He studied at the temple in Zojoji, (where the scene is set) and became influential with the fifth Tokugawa Shogun and his mother.
He eventually became Abbot at the temple and an important Buddhist scholar. Fudo-Myo is one of the five “Kings of Wisdom" in Buddhist lore and is often attended by the goddess of mercy, Kannon - pictured here in the right hand sheet. The legend has it that the statue appears to Shonin as the living God, Shonin prostates himself and consumes the sword of wisdom, thereby gaining supernatural wisdom and enlightenment.
This act of consummation is the subject of the print. Yoshitoshi has pictured Fudo-Myo and Kannon before in a stunning vertical diptych which illustrates the mercy of the Gods to a penitent sinner.
- source : www.toshidama-japanese-prints.com

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- quote
The Exorcist: Yuten and Genroku Politics
Dr. Beatrice Bodart-Bailey, Lecture 2004-09-27

The Jodo sect monk Yuten Shonin (1637-1718) succeeded where others failed in freeing women from demonic possession by his gift of hearing the voices of vengeful spirits. His first spectacular success occurred in Kanbun 12 (1672) while attached as gakuso, or acolyte studying the scriptures, to a temple in Shimo-osa (present-day Chiba), the Iinuma Gukyōji. Yuten subsequently moved to the Zojo temple at Edo, but then, aged nearly fifty, he crossed his name off the temple register and spent the next thirteen years as a wandering monk. Yet even though he shunned religious status and affiliation, his impact on society was significant, and, as he attended the afflicted, the stories of his exorcisms began to circulate even in print.

Yuten came to be patronized by Keisho-in, the mother of the fifth Tokugawa shogun Tsunayoshi, who is said to have called on him in his hermit's hut on the outskirts of Edo. In Genroku 12 (1699) he was in unprecedented fashion summoned to Edo castle and promoted from being a lowly wandering monk to the position of head priest of one of the Jodo sect's eighteen major temples in the Kanto area. In samurai terms, his status had become equal to that of a daimyo with a fief of 100,000 koku. The following year he was further promoted by an appointment as head priest to the Iinuma Gukyoji temple in Shimo-osa, the very temple where he had performed his first famous act of exorcism. Finally in Hoei 1 (1704), he was placed in charge of Koishikawa Denzuin in Edo, a temple next in standing only to the Zojo ancestral temple at Shiba.

Unlike other priests who had risen under the fifth shogun and his mother, Yuten was not retired on the death of the fifth shogun. To the contrary: under the sixth shogun Ienobu, Yuten was promoted to one of the highest posts in the religious hierarchy, namely to the headship of Zojoji at Shiba. Even when at the age of seventy-six Yuten asked to retire, he was refused on the grounds that his brain was still in perfect working order. When he finally did retire, the sixth shogun established a temple for him in Meguro that still bears his name today.
- source : www.asjapan.org


. Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 徳川綱吉 .

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Yuutenji, Yūtenji 祐天寺 Yuten-Ji
東京都目黒区中目黒5丁目24番53号 - Nakameguro, Tokyo



In 1718 the 36th Buddhist monk of Zōjōji called Yūten died.
His disciple Yumi 祐海 built Yutenji as his last hermitage and made him the founder.

- Homepage of the temple
- source : www.yutenji.or.jp


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- quote
Yuuten 祐天(ゆうてん)
(寛永14年4月8日(1637年5月31日)- 享保3年7月15日(1718年8月11日))
とは、浄土宗大本山増上寺36世法主で、江戸時代を代表する呪術師。字は愚心。号は明蓮社顕誉。密教僧でなかったにもかかわらず、強力な怨霊に襲われていた者達を救済、その怨霊までも念仏の力で成仏させたという。



祐天は陸奥国(後の磐城国)磐城郡新妻村に生まれ、12歳で増上寺の檀通上人に弟子入りしたが、暗愚のため経文が覚えられず破門され、それを恥じて成田山新勝寺に参篭。不動尊から剣を喉に刺し込まれる夢を見て智慧を授かり、以後力量を発揮。5代将軍徳川綱吉、その生母桂昌院、徳川家宣の帰依を受け、幕命により下総国大巌寺・同国弘経寺・江戸伝通院の住持を歴任し、正徳元年(1711年)増上寺36世法主となり、大僧正に任じられた。晩年は江戸目黒の地に草庵(現在の祐天寺)を結んで隠居し、その地で没した。享保3年(1718年)82歳で入寂するまで、多くの霊験を残した。
祐天の奇端で名高いのは、下総国飯沼の弘経寺に居た時、羽生村(現在の茨城県常総市水海道羽生町)の累という女の怨霊を成仏させた累ヶ淵の説話である。この説話をもとに多くの作品が創作されており、曲亭馬琴の読本『新累解脱物語』や、三遊亭円朝の怪談『真景累ヶ淵』などが有名である。
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Yuten Nembutsu-odori and more . . .
- further reference -


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .



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. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .

Yuuten Shoonin no rei 祐天上人の霊 The soul of Saint Yuten
The daughter of a kiseruya 煙管屋 pipe maker living in Odenmacho could not learn how to read or write.
One day the soul of Saint Yuten appeared to her and wrote rokuji no myoogo 六字名号 a Buddhist name of a dead person, with six letters for her.
This changed her life and now she could read and write.

. Odenmacho 大伝馬町 Chuo, Tokyo - Legends .



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11/12/2013

Zhong You - Shiro

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Zhong You - Shiro 子路
(543 - 481)

One of the 10 most important disciples of Confucius.

- quote
Zhong You (Zilu)
Zhong You (仲由) was a native of Pian (卞) in Lu, and only nine years younger than Confucius. His courtesy names were Zilu (子路 - Shiro in Japanese) and Jilu (季路). At their first interview, Confucius asked him what he was fond of, and he replied, "My long sword."

Confucius said, "If to your present ability there were added the results of learning, you would be a very superior man."

"Of what advantage would learning be to me?" asked Zi-lu. "There is a bamboo on the southern hill, which is straight itself without being bent. If you cut it down and use it, you can send it through a rhinoceros's hide: what is the use of learning?"

"Yes", said Confucius; "but if you feather it and point it with steel, will it not penetrate more deeply?"

Zilu bowed twice, and said, "I will reverently receive your instructions."

Confucius later said, "From the time that I got You, bad words no more came to my ears."



Confucius admired Zilu for his courage, but was concerned that he might lack other virtues (such as good judgement) that would have balanced this courage, potentially turning Zilu's courage into a vice (Analects 5.7; see also 8.2, 17.8, and 17.23). After studying with him, Confucius later praised Zilu as his having exceptional administrative ability and being capable of handling duties of national importance (Analects 5.8). After completing his studies with Confucius, Zilu became chief magistrate of the district of Pu, where his administration commanded the warm commendations of Confucius. He died in Wei. His tablet is now the fourth, to the east, from those of the Assessors.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Confucius and his disciples
According to Sima Qian, Confucius said: "The disciples who received my instructions, and could themselves comprehend them, were seventy-seven individuals. They were all scholars of extraordinary ability." It was traditionally believed that Confucius had three thousand students, but that only seventy-two mastered what he taught.


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- quote
Zhòng Yóu (仲由) –
Another famous disciple for his military background, and for being a hot-head. Being only 9 years younger than Confucius, he sometimes quarreled with his teacher, but by and by became more refined, respectful and mature, and Confucius spoke very highly of him as a capable leader. Zhong You was tough under pressure, and well-disciplined.
Sadly he was killed in a rebellion in the state of Wei.
He is often called Zǐ​ Lù​ (子路) too.
- source : confucianism-at-a-glance




読書の月 - 子路 Reading in moonlight - Shiro
by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi 月岡芳年

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月白き師走は子路が寝覚め哉
tsuki shiroki shiwasu wa Shiro ga nezame kana

Shiro wakes up
on a night in December
with a white moon . . .


Written in December 1686 貞亨3年.
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


shiwasu, the last lunar month of the year, now December

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- Reference - 子路 -

- Reference - English -


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. WKD : Confucius 孔夫子, Kung Tzu, Kung Fu / Sekiten 釈奠 .


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