Udagawa Yoan

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Udagawa Yooan, Udagawa Yōan 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan
(1798 - 1846)



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a 19th-century Japanese scholar of Western studies, or "Rangaku". In 1837, he published the first volume of his Introduction to Chemistry (舎密開宗 Seimi Kaisō), a compilation of scientific books in Dutch, which describes a wide range of scientific knowledge from the West. Most of the Dutch original material appears to be derived from William Henry's 1799 Elements of Experimental Chemistry. In particular, the book contains a very detailed description of the electric battery invented by Volta forty years earlier in 1800. The battery itself was constructed by Udagawa in 1831 and used in experiments, including medical ones, based on a belief that electricity could help cure illnesses.

Udagawa's Science of Chemistry also reports for the first time in details the findings and theories of Lavoisier in Japan. Accordingly, Udagawa made numerous scientific experiments and created new scientific terms, which are still in current use in modern scientific Japanese: e.g., “oxygen” (酸素 sanso), “hydrogen” (水素 suiso), “nitrogen” (窒素 chisso), “carbon” (炭素 tanso), “oxidation” (酸化 sanka), “reduction” (還元 kangen), “saturation” (飽和 hōwa), “dissolution” (溶解 yōkai) and “element” (元素 genso).
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Tsuyama Archives of Western Learning　津山洋学資料館


- reference source : tsuyama-yougaku.jp -

- Other doctors and scientists from Tsuyama -

宇田川興斎 Udagawa Yosai (1821 - 1887)
久原洪哉　Kuhara Kosai (1825 - 1896)
仁木永祐　Nigi Eisuke　(1830 - 1902)
宇田川準一　Udagawa Junichi (1848 - 1913)

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Udagawa Yoan and Coffee




The origin of the Chinese characters for coffee 珈琲


- reference source : nsh-s.com/wp... -

蘭学者で津山藩医の宇田川榕菴
In Okayama there was a school for rangaku 蘭学 Dutch learning of the West.
One of the masters there was 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan.
He knew the Dutch word ｋｏｆｆｉｅ and introduced the Kanji for it.
There are now sometimes memorial services in a temple, where coffee is offered to the ancestors and the visitors
- but in tea cups of the time.

. Coffee, Kaffee and Haiku .


津山藩主松平家菩提所 天崇山 泰安寺 Taian-Ji

Offering Coffee at the temple
. 泰安寺 Taian-Ji .

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Mead, Mede in the Edo Period in Japan ミード / 蜂蜜酒　
During a recent research an essay was found in the Archives of Western Learning in the city of Tsuyama in Western Japan. One of the doctors working for the local feudal lord, Yudagawa Yoan (1798-1846), had studied European medicine and even introduced coffee to Japan.
He has written the following report about Mead, which he called MEDE:
Mead is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water.
- Read the details here :
. Gabi Greve .


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He also distinguished four different types of onsen 温泉 hot springs
salt, sulfur, alkali and plain hot

榕菴の温泉試説
Yoan wrote about 諸国温泉試説 different types of hot springs when he was 29 years old.
榕菴はまず色や臭いを観察し、自ら飲んで味も確かめます。それからホクトメートル（浮き秤）を使って比重を測定し、薬品や熱を加えてその反応をこと細かに記録しました。
- reference source : tsuyama-yougaku.jp... -

- source : iloveyu.jp/type-of-hot-springs... -


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- Reference - 宇田川榕菴 -
- Reference - Udagawa Yoan -

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Fu Daishi Fudaishi Fu Ta-Shi

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Fudaishi 傅大士 Fu Daishi, Fu Ta-Shi, Budaishi
(c. 490 – c. 560)

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a Chinese Buddhist monk who was later deified as the Japanese patron deity of libraries.



He is traditionally accredited with the invention of the rinzō (輪蔵), a system of revolving shelving used in Kyōzō libraries. He is often represented alongside his sons, Fuwaku and Fukon.
Fudaishi is noted for his "lecture" on the Diamond Sutra, recorded in the Hekiganroku (Record of the Blue Cliffs). According to this account, Fudaishi was invited to speak by the Emperor Bu-tei. He stepped up to the lectern, struck it a blow with his staff, and then returned to his seat without speaking a word.
He is regarded as in incarnation of Miroku, the Waiting Buddha.
- Reference in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Ch: Fu Daishi. Buddhist Master Fu or Great Teacher Fu.
The Chinese Buddhist layman Fu Xi (Jp: Fu Kyuu 傅翕; 497-569) credited with inventing revolving sutra shelves.
Thus images of him are often placed in or near sutra repositories. Wearing Chinese Tang dynasty attire, Fu Daishi is frequently shown with his two sons Fucheng (Jp: Fujou 普成) and Fujian (Jp: Fuken 普建).
Often depicted with a laughing face,
Fu Dashi is commonly known as the Laughing Buddha or waraibotoke 笑い仏.
- source : JAANUS -

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Hotei, the laughing Buddha, is most likely based on
the itinerant 10th-century Chinese Buddhist monk and hermit Budaishi (d. 917),
who is said to be an incarnation of Miroku Bodhisattva (Maitreya in Sanskrit).
- source : Mark Schumacher -

. Hotei 布袋 Pu-Tai, Budai - Introduction.

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傅翕 Fu Xi (傅大士 Fu Dashi, 497-569) / 心王銘 Xinwang ming
(Rōmaji:) Fukyū (Fu-daishi): Shinnōmei
(English:) Mind-King Inscription / Inscription on the Mind King / Faith in the Mind’s Ruler
(Magyar átírás:) Fu Hszi (Fu Ta-si): Hszin-vang ming



- Mind-King Inscription -
snip snip
Gâthâs of Bodhisattva Shan-hui (善慧), better known as Fu Ta-shih (傅大士)
Empty-handed I go and yet the spade is in my hands;
I walk on foot, and yet on the back of an ox I am riding:
When I pass over the bridge,
Lo, the water floweth not, but the bridge doth flow.
Translated by D. T. Suzuki (Essays in Zen Buddhism – First Series, p. 272)


傅大士 Fu-daishi
with his twin sons, shown clapping their hands and laughing, are sometimes called
Fuwaku (or Fuken 普建・普現) and Fukon (or Fujō 普成・普淨)
in Seiryō-ji Temple - Saga Shaka-dō Temple (清凉寺 - 嵯峨釈迦堂), Kyoto


A legend relates,
against all the evidence, that Fu-daishi was the inventor of the buildings intended to contain the sūtras. This kyōzō (経蔵) building in Japanese Buddhist architecture is a repository for sūtras and chronicles of the temple history. It is also called kyōko (経庫), kyōdō (経堂), or zōden (蔵殿).
A revolving sūtra storage case is called rinzō (輪蔵, wheel repository; rotating libraries).
Revolving shelves are convenient because they allow priests and monks to select the needed sūtra quickly. Eventually, in some kyōzō the faithful were permitted to push the shelves around the pillar while praying — it was believed that they could receive religious edification without actually reading the sūtras.

- More of the poems and lectures by Fu Daishi
- source : terebess.hu/zen/fuxi... -

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kyōzō 経蔵 Kyozo, repository of religious writings -


Kamakura, Hasedera

. maniguruma 摩尼車 prayer wheel .
There are some large prayer wheels in many temples, where copies of the Sutras are kept. You can walk around them, pushing the spokes while you walk to spin the wheel and have your prayers reach heaven.

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Fu Ta-shih - [傅大士] (497–569) (PY Fu Dashi; Jpn Fu-daishi)
A lay Buddhist in China who was revered as a Reincarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya. He won the respect of Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty, who was a devout Buddhist. His real name was Fu Hsi, and he was commonly known as Fu Ta-shih (ta-shih means great man). A layperson with a wife and children, he was not only an earnest practitioner of Buddhism but also a philanthropist, generously bestowing his own Wealth upon the people. When he erected Shuang-lin-ssu temple, he built a Sutra repository on the premises to house the entire collection of Buddhist scriptures. The repository was unique in that it had a revolving stand with eight faces for storing the scriptures.
Later many temples adopted this type of Sutra repository.
- source : chinabuddhismencyclopedia... -


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- Reference - fudaishi chinese -
- Reference - 傅大士 -

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Hayakawa Noritsugu Tokuji

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Hayakawa Noritsugu 早川徳次（のりつぐ）
(1881 - 1942)
(The characters 徳次 can also be read Tokuji, see below.)

He is renowned for funding the construction of Japan's first subway system, now known as the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927.



「地下鉄の父」 The Father of the Subway in Tokyo


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Noritsugu Hayakawa, builder of Asia’s first underground railway, is considered the father of subways in Japan.
Hayakawa
was an apprentice of “railway king” Kaichiro Nezu, the founder of Tobu Railways.
Impressed by the subways he saw while touring Europe in the 1910s, upon his return to Japan Hayakawa began fiercely lobbying for Tokyo to build its own system.
After obtaining a license, he established the Tokyo Underground Railway Co. in 1920. The first underground rail link connected Asakusa and Ueno in 1927.
This is now known as the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line.
- source : japantimes.co.jp/news/2010... -





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だるまは鼻の下にひげを生やし . . . Daruma with a beard in his honor - 2018

A group of about 50 local people has formed in 2017, making papermachee Daruma dolls.



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日本で最初に地下鉄を建設し、「地下鉄の父」と呼ばれた笛吹市出身の早川徳次（のりつぐ）（１８８１～１９４２）の住宅の見学会が７日に開かれる。地元の市民グループ「早川徳次ふるさと後援会」が主催し、ひげを生やしていた徳次の顔をかたどったミニだるまづくりを初めて計画。ふるさとの偉人に親しみを感じてもらい、地域の活性化にもつなげたい考えだ。
後援会は２０１７年に発足し、会員約５０人。地元出身の早川徳次の功績紹介と地域振興を目的に活動している。早川邸は「早川家住宅主屋」として国の登録有形文化財に選ばれている。後援会が年２回開く見学会では、普段は非公開の邸内を見ることができる。
ミニだるまを考案したのは甲州市在住の自営業、渡辺麻世さん（２８）。アクセサリーなどを趣味で手作りしている。昨年夏、知人の後援会メンバーと会食した際、徳次の業績について話を聞いた。祖父母の家が早川邸の近くにあり、「身近なところにすごい人がいたんだ」と驚き、何か手伝えることがあればと思いついた。



だるまは鼻の下にひげを生やし…
source : asahi.com/articles...


. DARUMA　MUSEUM Japan .



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Hayakawa Tokuji 早川徳次
(1893 - 1980)



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Tokuji Hayakawa (早川 徳次 Hayakawa Tokuji, November 3, 1893 - June 24, 1980)
was a Japanese businessman and the founder of Hayakawa Kinzoku Kōgyō (the present-day Sharp Corporation). He invented and patented the “Tokubijō” belt buckle in 1912 (a belt which can fasten without perforating) and invented the "Ever Ready Sharp" mechanical pencil (from which his company would later get its name from) in 1915.

The success of the “Tokubijō” belt buckle led to Hayakawa starting his own metallurgical processing, which then developed into the present-day Sharp Corporation.

Tokuji Hayakawa was born in Tokyo in 1893. Due to difficult domestic circumstances, he was adopted by the Ideno family. It was not until he grew up, however, that he learned of this. He left primary school after second grade due to his family’s poverty, and was apprenticed to a maker of metallic ornaments. He worked diligently there to improve both his skill in metalwork and understanding of the trade, earning the trust of his master.

Though the buckle had been used since ancient times for such accessories as armor and shoes, it started to be used on belts for boys’ trousers in the 15th century and came to be used in women’s clothes in the 19th century. It took two forms: practical and decorated. When Hayakawa launched his buckle in 1912, demand in Japan for the buckle increased with the spread of Western-style fashions.

Hayakawa and other artisans, however, had not yet had a chance to wear Western-style clothes and belts.
Hayakawa happened to notice a silent film actor whose belt had come undone. This inspired him to spend time after work inventing a new belt that could be fastened to any length.

As a result, he developed a buckle that used a roller to fasten a belt without puncturing it. His master admired his inventiveness and recommended that Tokuji apply for a patent. He suggested the name “Tokubijō” adopting one character of Tokuji.

The first order for the Tokubijō buckle was huge — 33 grosses or 4,752 in total. Because of the pressures to deliver his product on time, Tokuji decided to go independent. He borrowed most of the capital independently and launched his own shop in September, 1912. He introduced industrial presses, hired workmen and delivered new orders with no interruption. He was able to promptly retire his debt. He continued to improve his manufacturing process and expand his business into a bigger plant.

In 1913, Hayakawa acquired the patent of an innovative water faucet, and in 1915, he developed the prototype of the sharp automatic pencil still sold today. Afterwards he demonstrated managerial genius, expanding his enterprise into electronics manufacturing of world-famous radios, tape-recorders and televisions. He was active in social welfare programs. He died in 1980 at the age of 86.
- source : wikipedia -

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